Apotheosis of Washington and Lincoln

WandL“Apotheosis” is a Greek word meaning to deify or to glorify in a divine way. It can refer to the theological act of raising an individual to a divine status, and also a glorification of a subject in a work of art.

When Washington died in 1799, the country was beside itself with grief. And things got a little strange. Shortly after his death, artwork appeared representing Washington ascending to heaven.

This kind of thing was pretty un-Republican however, and thankfully it didn’t catch on for future presidents. At least not until Lincoln’s assassination, after which artists directly referenced the images of the 1st president’s divine ascension and applied them to the 16th.
> > > > >http://www.philosophersguild.com

Lincoln and Washington~ https://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/pga.01775/

Washington & Lincoln Apotheosis~ https://rememberinglincoln.fords.org/node/240

American Gothic

parody2

The painting endures, Biel concludes, because it is both itself and a parody of itself. Its meaning has more to do with the viewer’s perception than Wood’s intention. In this, Biel is identifying something common to all visual material. Paintings (like films) never change, but they are subject to differing responses and interpretations as times change. Those that survive cultural, aesthetic and historical shifts share the characteristics that can be seen in ”American Gothic.” It’s simple — two people and a house — and easily remembered. It’s ambiguous and thus can evoke the ambivalent. Wood’s choice of clothing, hairstyle, color and sober posture denies specifics, yet suggests a time, a place and an attitude. It opens the door to popularity (anyone can enjoy it for any reason); argument (does it criticize Middle America or affirm its values?); hatred (it’s an ugly cliché and she’s got rickrack on her dress); parody (the Barbie and Ken or Mickey and Minnie Mouse versions); rebellion (Gordon Parks’s photograph of a black cleaning woman uses the pose to remind us of its basic whiteness); commerce (Paul Newman and his daughter posing on their organic snack packages); politics (representations of a long line of American presidents and their first ladies); and endless pop cultural references (the small-town tableau of ”The Music Man” or the credits for ”Green Acres”)
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/10/books/review/10BASSING.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0

modelshouse

GreenAcresparody1

Dada~ Born February 5, 1916

cabaretOn 5th February 1916, in the back room of a small bar in Zurich, a group of artists launched a nightclub which changed the course of modern art. Cabaret Voltaire was the home of Dada, a movement that revolutionised European culture. A century later, this historic club is still going strong.
FROM
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/g8WYZb6jHWPwXtrFG6JW6G/anarchy-absurdity-dada-the-cabaret-voltaire-at-100


Greta Deses’s Dada (1967) profiles the Dada movement with live performances, film excerpts, interviews and a reenactment of a performance at the groundbreaking Cabaret Voltaire.

Hugo Ball, Tristan Tzara and Marcel Janco met on February 5, 1916 in Zurich with the ambitious plan of instigating nothing less than an artistic revolution. Their Cabaret Voltaire, which they founded that evening, was a combination of a pub, theater, gallery, and club. Throughout that year, they organized unpredictable events combining chaotic performances, recitations and music.
FROM
http://www.dw.com/en/how-dadaism-revolutionized-art-100-years-ago/a-19016756

George Washington Carver: c.1864 – January 5, 1943

“Probably one of the most recognized names in agricultural research, George Washington Carver (c.1865-1943) overcame numerous obstacles to achieve a graduate education and gain international fame as an educator, inventor, and scientist. FROM http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-1064

Born a slave, [Carver] is one of the most historically prominent African American scientists. Carver was a pioneer as an agriculturalist and botanist by introducing methods of soil conservation for farmers, inventing hundreds of by-products from peanuts, pecans, sweet potatoes, and soybeans, and practicing “zero waste” sustainability. Scholars have recognized Carver’s talent as a painter and his ability to develop paints and dyes from various natural sources; however, there is very little scholarship documenting his work as a textile artist.”

FROM http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1922&context=tsaconf

“Throughout Carver’s life, he balanced two interests and talents that may seem at odds – the creative arts and the natural sciences. Skills of observation, experimentation, replication, and communication applied to both art and science, making Carver as comfortable in the sciences as in the arts.” FROM https://www.thehenryford.org/explore/stories-of-innovation/what-if/george-washington-carver


“In the late 1880s, [Carver] made his way to Winterset, Iowa, where a white couple encouraged him to apply to Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa. The only African American student, Carver enrolled in Simpson in September 1890 as an art major. His art teacher recognized his considerable talents, but she was concerned that as a black man, he would have difficulties finding work as a professional artist. After Carver showed her some plants he had hybridized, she suggested that he transfer to Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (now Iowa State University), in Ames, Iowa, where her father, J. L. Budd, taught horticulture”. FROM http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-1064

“Holdings at the G.W. Carver National Monument and Tuskegee Institute National Historic indicate that Carver was proficient in textile techniques such as embroidery, weaving, crocheting, knitting and basketry. According to a document written by the National Park Service Carver created, ’embroideries on burlap, ornaments made of chicken feathers, seed and colored peanut necklaces, woven textiles’ (p. 24) and that ‘He was an honorary member of the Royal Society of Arts in London, England’.” FROM http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1922&context=tsaconf

“What spare time he salvaged from his hectic schedule usually went for the pursuit of loves Carver had sacrificed, like botany and art. He found time to crochet, knit, and do needlework. He found these activities satisfactory and they enabled him to produce useful items for friends. He had great appreciation for the world around him, in particular, the materials found in nature. He dyed many of his own threads and fibers with natural dyes made from local walnut, mulberry, and ochre clay.

He became a scientist, a teacher, a speaker, and more, but he never entirely let go of his art. Rather he brought it to his other pursuits, and at times even let it guide them. Carver taught art classes at Tuskegee in addition to his regular roster of courses. He also allowed his artistic talents to improve his scientific work. He drew diagrams with the fine pen of an illustrator, collected specimens with the attention of a painter and crossbred plants with profound creativity. Through out his life he maintained the soul of an artist and continued to paint. Carver was driven by science, but art remained his passion.” FROM https://www.nps.gov/teachers/classrooms/george-washington-carver-the-artist-resource-to-his-people.htm

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December 31~

Henri Matisse (1869-1954)
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mati/hd_mati.htm
Matisse

 

 

 

 

Selma Burke (1900-1995)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selma_Burke
Burke